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Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Kawasaki disease causes acute inflammation of medium-sized arteries throughout the body, with particular tropism for coronary arteries. The inflammatory cascade damages the arterial wall, leading to coronary artery aneurysms in 25% of untreated cases, which can thrombose and cause myocardial infarction.
Exam Focus
Exam relevance
Risk factors:
- Age <5 years (peak 1-2 years)
- Male sex
- Asian descent (Japanese, Korean)
- Winter-spring seasonality
- Sibling history of Kawasaki disease
Diagnostics:
- Expect echocardiogram to assess coronary arteries
- Monitor temperature (fever ≥5 days required for diagnosis)
- Expect CBC (thrombocytosis in subacute phase)
- Monitor ESR and CRP
- Expect urinalysis (sterile pyuria)
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