Clinical meaning
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any change in menstrual bleeding pattern that deviates from the normal cycle. This includes bleeding that is heavier than normal (menorrhagia), more frequent, prolonged, or occurs between periods (metrorrhagia). AUB can result from structural causes such as polyps, fibroids, or malignancy, or from non-structural causes such as hormonal imbalances (anovulation), coagulation disorders, or medication effects. Excessive blood loss can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, causing fatigue, pallor, and tachycardia. Monitoring bleeding patterns and recognizing signs of hemodynamic compromise are essential RPN responsibilities.
Exam relevance
Risk factors: - Obesity (excess estrogen from adipose tissue conversion) - Extremes of reproductive age (adolescence and perimenopause) - Polycystic ovary syndrome - Thyroid disorders - Bleeding disorders (von Willebrand disease) - Anticoagulant medication use - Uterine fibroids or polyps
Diagnostics: - Expect complete blood count to assess for anemia - Monitor vital signs for signs of hemorrhage (tachycardia, hypotension) - Expect pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy-related causes - Monitor menstrual pad count and saturation - Expect thyroid function tests - Expect pelvic ultrasound if structural cause suspected