Antitussives NCLEX-RN — Dextromethorphan Codeine Opioid Cough Agents Nursing | NurseNest

Antitussives NCLEX-RN — Dextromethorphan Codeine Opioid Cough Agents Nursing | NurseNest

Drug Classification & Overview: Pharmacologic Class: Antitussives (cough suppressants) Non-Opioid: - Dextromethorphan (DXM): NMDA antagonist; most common OTC antitussive (Robitussin DM, NyQuil) - Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles): local anesthetic; numbs stretch receptors in lung; prescription Opioid: - Codeine: Schedule V (cough syrup) or III (tablets); converted to morphine via CYP2D6 - Hydrocodone: in antitussive preparations (e.g., Hycodan); Schedule II/III Comparison Table: Non-Opioid vs Opioid Antitussives: | Feature | Dextromethorphan | Codeine/Hydrocodone | |---|---|---| | Schedule | OTC (unscheduled) | Schedule V/III/II | | Mechanism | NMDA antagonist | Opioid receptor agonist | | Respiratory depression | No (at therapeutic doses) | Yes — monitor carefully | | Abuse potential | DXM abuse ('robo-tripping') | Yes — opioid dependence | | Age restriction (FDA) | Not for <4 years | Not for <18 years (codeine) | | MAOI interaction | Yes — serotonin syndrome | Yes — opioid interaction | | Constipation | No | Yes | | Use in children | OTC products: ≥4 years; prescription use varies | Codeine: CONTRAINDICATED <18 years | On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice...

Drug Classification & Overview: Pharmacologic Class: Antitussives (cough suppressants) Non-Opioid: - Dextromethorphan (DXM): NMDA antagonist; most common OTC antitussive (Robitussin DM, NyQuil) - Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles): local anesthetic; numbs stretch receptors in lung; prescription Opioid: - Codeine: Schedule V (cough syrup) or III (tablets); converted to morphine via CYP2D6 - Hydrocodone: in antitussive preparations (e.g., Hycodan); Schedule II/III Comparison Table: Non-Opioid vs Opioid Antitussives: | Feature | Dextromethorphan | Codeine/Hydrocodone | |---|---|---| | Schedule | OTC (unscheduled) | Schedule V/III/II | | Mechanism | NMDA antagonist | Opioid receptor agonist | | Respiratory depression | No (at therapeutic doses) | Yes — monitor carefully | | Abuse potential | DXM abuse ('robo-tripping') | Yes — opioid dependence | | Age restriction (FDA) | Not for <4 years | Not for <18 years (codeine) | | MAOI interaction | Yes — serotonin syndrome | Yes — opioid interaction | | Constipation | No | Yes | | Use in children | OTC products: ≥4 years; prescription use varies | Codeine: CONTRAINDICATED <18 years | On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice...

Drug Classification & Overview: Pharmacologic Class: Antitussives (cough suppressants) Non-Opioid: - Dextromethorphan (DXM): NMDA antagonist; most common OTC antitussive (Robitussin DM, NyQuil) - Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles): local anesthetic; numbs stretch receptors in lung; prescription Opioid: - Codeine: Schedule V (cough syrup) or III (tablets); converted to morphine via CYP2D6 - Hydrocodone: in antitussive preparations (e.g., Hycodan); Schedule II/III Comparison Table: Non-Opioid vs Opioid Antitussives: | Feature | Dextromethorphan | Codeine/Hydrocodone | |---|---|---| | Schedule | OTC (unscheduled) | Schedule V/III/II | | Mechanism | NMDA antagonist | Opioid receptor agonist | | Respiratory depression | No (at therapeutic doses) | Yes — monitor carefully | | Abuse potential | DXM abuse ('robo-tripping') | Yes — opioid dependence | | Age restriction (FDA) | Not for <4 years | Not for <18 years (codeine) | | MAOI interaction | Yes — serotonin syndrome | Yes — opioid interaction | | Constipation | No | Yes | | Use in children | OTC products: ≥4 years; prescription use varies | Codeine: CONTRAINDICATED <18 years | On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice...

Drug Classification & Overview: Pharmacologic Class: Antitussives (cough suppressants) Non-Opioid: - Dextromethorphan (DXM): NMDA antagonist; most common OTC antitussive (Robitussin DM, NyQuil) - Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles): local anesthetic; numbs stretch receptors in lung; prescription Opioid: - Codeine: Schedule V (cough syrup) or III (tablets); converted to morphine via CYP2D6 - Hydrocodone: in antitussive preparations (e.g., Hycodan); Schedule II/III Comparison Table: Non-Opioid vs Opioid Antitussives: | Feature | Dextromethorphan | Codeine/Hydrocodone | |---|---|---| | Schedule | OTC (unscheduled) | Schedule V/III/II | | Mechanism | NMDA antagonist | Opioid receptor agonist | | Respiratory depression | No (at therapeutic doses) | Yes — monitor carefully | | Abuse potential | DXM abuse ('robo-tripping') | Yes — opioid dependence | | Age restriction (FDA) | Not for <4 years | Not for <18 years (codeine) | | MAOI interaction | Yes — serotonin syndrome | Yes — opioid interaction | | Constipation | No | Yes | | Use in children | OTC products: ≥4 years; prescription use varies | Codeine: CONTRAINDICATED <18 years | On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice...