Clinical meaning
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and digestive system. A defective chloride channel prevents normal salt and water movement across cell membranes, leading to dehydrated, viscous secretions. In the lungs, this thick mucus traps bacteria and causes repeated infections that progressively damage the airways.
Exam relevance
Risk factors: - Genetic disease (autosomal recessive) - Family history of cystic fibrosis - Caucasian descent (highest incidence) - Both parents must be carriers
Diagnostics: - Monitor respiratory status (rate, effort, oxygen saturation) - Observe and report sputum characteristics (color, amount, consistency) - Monitor daily weight and nutritional intake - Assess for abdominal distension and stool characteristics - Monitor temperature for infection signs