Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Pathogen recognition receptors (TLRs) trigger NF-kB pathway, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6). This causes widespread endothelial injury, capillary leak, and microvascular thrombosis (DIC). Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to dysoxia despite adequate oxygen delivery. Connect Sepsis: Cytokine Storm & SOFA to bedside cues you will reassess first: vitals trends, work of breathing, perfusion, mentation, and pain or ischemic equivalents when relevant. Boards reward recognizing when subtle instability outweighs reassurance, then selecting nursing actions that protect airway, circulation, and neurologic status before routine tasks.