Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – PN

Why DVT is tested on NCLEX-PN: DVT is a common, preventable, and potentially fatal vascular complication. PNs must recognize risk factors, identify early signs, implement prophylaxis, and understand the relationship between DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE). Anticoagulation monitoring and patient education are core PN responsibilities. What is DVT? A deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a deep vein, most commonly in the lower extremities (calf, popliteal, femoral, iliac veins). Proximal DVT (at or above the popliteal vein) carries the highest risk of PE. The DVT–PE connection: A DVT can dislodge and travel through the venous circulation → right heart → pulmonary vasculature → causing pulmonary embolism. PE is a medical emergency and a leading preventable cause of hospital death. All DVT management is aimed at preventing propagation and PE. Virchow's Triad — the three conditions that promote clot formation: 1. Venous stasis — slowed blood flow (immobility, prolonged sitting, HF, pregnancy) 2. Endothelial injury — damage to vessel wall (trauma, surgery, IV catheter, inflammation) 3. Hypercoagulability — increased clotting tendency (malignancy, oral contraceptives, inherited clotting...