Pathophysiology
What this means clinically
PN scope You weigh clients pre/post HD when assigned, record I&O, observe for cramping and hypotension during treatment, protect access arm from procedures, report fever with catheter, new chest pain, or neuro changes, and administer phosphate binders / erythropoietin per order. You do not independently change dialysis machine settings. Connect Dialysis & renal crisis cues to bedside cues you will reassess first: vitals trends, work of breathing, perfusion, mentation, and pain or ischemic equivalents when relevant. Boards reward recognizing when subtle instability outweighs reassurance, then selecting nursing actions that protect airway, circulation, and neurologic status before routine tasks.