Clinical meaning
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System involves dysregulation of hormonal signaling pathways, feedback mechanisms, and metabolic homeostasis affecting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system physiology.
Diagnosis & workup
Diagnostics & workup: - TSH (most sensitive for primary thyroid dysfunction) - PTH with calcium and phosphorus for parathyroid evaluation - Thyroid ultrasound for nodule characterization (TI-RADS scoring) - Fasting glucose and 2-hour OGTT for diabetes diagnosis - Free T4 and Free T3 for thyroid hormone assessment - Dexamethasone suppression test (1mg overnight) for Cushing screening - HbA1c for 3-month glycemic control (target <7% for most adults)
Risk factors: - Family history of endocrine disorders (autoimmune thyroid, T2DM) - Medication-induced endocrinopathy (lithium-thyroid, statin-DM) - Chronic kidney disease affecting calcium-phosphorus-PTH axis - Age-related hormonal decline (menopause, andropause) - Obesity (BMI >30) with insulin resistance - Prior radiation to head/neck affecting thyroid or pituitary - Autoimmune disease predisposition (Type 1 DM, Hashimoto's, Addison's)