Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Bartholinitis is inflammation of the Bartholin glands, two small pea-sized glands located on either side of the vaginal opening at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions. These glands produce mucus that lubricates the vaginal vestibule. When the gland duct becomes blocked, secretions accumulate and form a painless cyst. If the cyst becomes infected - often by a mix of bacteria including E. coli, anaerobes, or STI organisms - it develops into a painful abscess. The abscess fills with pus, causing significant swelling, redness, and tenderness of the affected labium. The patient may have difficulty sitting, walking, or engaging in intercourse due to the swelling and pain.