Uterine Prolapse

Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position into or beyond the vaginal canal due to weakening of the pelvic floor support structures. The pelvic floor consists of muscles (primarily the levator ani group) and connective tissue (endopelvic fascia) that hold the uterus, bladder, and rectum in place. When these structures weaken - from childbirth trauma, aging, chronic straining, or loss of estrogen after menopause - the uterus drops downward. Prolapse may be mild (the cervix descends into the upper vagina) or severe (the uterus protrudes outside the vaginal opening). Associated conditions include cystocele (bladder bulging into the vagina) and rectocele (rectum bulging into the vagina).