Clinical meaning
Lung Cancer Staging & Treatment involves alterations in airway structure, gas exchange, or pulmonary vascular function. Lung Cancer Staging & Treatment pathophysiology includes changes in ventilation-perfusion matching, airway resistance, and pulmonary compliance.
Diagnosis & workup
Diagnostics & workup: - Methacholine challenge for suspected asthma with normal spirometry - D-dimer (high sensitivity, low specificity for PE) - Polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing - Chest X-ray PA and lateral (infiltrates, hyperinflation, effusions) - Pulmonary function tests: FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, DLCO - CT pulmonary angiography for PE evaluation - ABG: pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, A-a gradient calculation
Risk factors: - Radiation therapy to chest - GERD with chronic microaspiration - Prior TB exposure or latent TB infection - Indoor air pollution and biomass fuel exposure - Current or former tobacco use (pack-year calculation) - Childhood asthma with persistent airway hyperreactivity - Occupational dust/chemical exposure (asbestos, silica, coal)