Clinical meaning
Otitis externa (OE) is inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), auricle, or both. Cerumen normally maintains a mildly acidic, protective microenvironment that inhibits microbial colonization through lipids produced by ceruminous glands. Disruption of this protective barrier through water exposure (swimmer's ear), mechanical trauma, or pH alteration creates conditions for bacterial colonization. Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with occasional fungal involvement (Candida, Aspergillus). Predisposing conditions include atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, lupus, and acne affecting the ear canal. The nurse monitors symptoms, administers topical medications as ordered, and reports changes suggesting complications.