Overview
Clinical Meaning
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens.
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens. Viral pharyngitis (rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus) accounts for the majority of cases. Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is the most important bacterial cause, being a gram-positive, beta-hemolytic organism with virulence factors including M protein, streptolysins, and hyaluronidase. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and fomites with a 2–5 day incubation period. Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to serious complications including rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse monitors symptoms, administers medications as ordered, and reports signs of complications.
