Penile Anatomy, Erection, and Reproductive Function

The penis has two simultaneous clinical roles: it carries urine through the urethra and contributes to sexual and reproductive function through erection and ejaculation. The paired corpora cavernosa provide most erectile rigidity, while the corpus spongiosum surrounds the urethra and continues into the glans. For bedside reasoning, first decide whether a finding represents normal anatomy, impaired function, or threatened tissue perfusion. Erectile dysfunction may signal vascular disease rather than an isolated sexual problem. A painful erection that does not resolve, or a foreskin trapped behind the glans, can obstruct venous outflow and progress to ischemic injury.