Clinical meaning
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: PALM-COEIN involves reproductive, obstetric, or gynecologic pathophysiology specific to abnormal uterine bleeding.
Diagnosis & workup
Diagnostics & workup: - Focused obstetric or gynecologic history - Physical exam including pelvic examination - Quantitative beta-hCG and progesterone levels - Transvaginal ultrasound for dating and structural assessment - CBC, type and screen, rubella immunity, STI screening - Urinalysis and urine culture - Condition-specific labs (protein:creatinine ratio, glucose tolerance, thyroid)
Risk factors: - Nulliparity or advanced maternal age - Prior pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, GDM, preterm birth) - Obesity (BMI >30) - Chronic hypertension or renal disease - Autoimmune conditions (SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome) - Family history of reproductive conditions - Substance use during pregnancy