Clinical meaning
Testosterone Deficiency: Hypogonadism involves male reproductive, urological, or andrological pathophysiology specific to testosterone deficiency.
Diagnosis & workup
Diagnostics & workup: - Focused genitourinary examination - PSA and DRE for prostate evaluation - Urinalysis and urine culture - Scrotal ultrasound with Doppler flow assessment - Testosterone (total and free, morning draw) - FSH, LH for gonadal axis evaluation - Semen analysis (2 specimens, 2-7 days abstinence)
Risk factors: - Age >50 for prostatic disease - Diabetes mellitus (erectile dysfunction, balanitis) - Medications affecting sexual function (SSRIs, beta-blockers, 5-ARIs) - Sickle cell disease (priapism) - Uncircumcised status (balanitis, phimosis) - Testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) - History of undescended testis or testicular trauma