Clinical meaning
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyneuropathy in which the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system following a triggering event (usually a viral or bacterial infection). Autoantibodies target the myelin sheath surrounding peripheral nerves, causing demyelination and impaired nerve conduction. This results in ascending symmetrical muscle weakness that begins in the lower extremities and progresses upward, potentially involving respiratory muscles. The nurse monitors vital signs, respiratory status, and neurological function, reporting all changes immediately.